import itertools
from typing import Callable
from typing import cast
from typing import List
from typing import Optional
from typing import Sequence
from typing import Union
import numpy as np
from optuna.logging import get_logger
from optuna.study import Study
from optuna.trial import FrozenTrial
from optuna.trial import TrialState
from optuna.visualization._plotly_imports import _imports
from optuna.visualization._utils import _check_plot_args
if _imports.is_successful():
from optuna.visualization._plotly_imports import go
_logger = get_logger(__name__)
[文档]def plot_edf(
study: Union[Study, Sequence[Study]],
*,
target: Optional[Callable[[FrozenTrial], float]] = None,
target_name: str = "Objective Value",
) -> "go.Figure":
"""Plot the objective value EDF (empirical distribution function) of a study.
Note that only the complete trials are considered when plotting the EDF.
.. note::
EDF is useful to analyze and improve search spaces.
For instance, you can see a practical use case of EDF in the paper
`Designing Network Design Spaces <https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13678>`_.
.. note::
The plotted EDF assumes that the value of the objective function is in
accordance with the uniform distribution over the objective space.
Example:
The following code snippet shows how to plot EDF.
.. plotly::
import math
import optuna
def ackley(x, y):
a = 20 * math.exp(-0.2 * math.sqrt(0.5 * (x ** 2 + y ** 2)))
b = math.exp(0.5 * (math.cos(2 * math.pi * x) + math.cos(2 * math.pi * y)))
return -a - b + math.e + 20
def objective(trial, low, high):
x = trial.suggest_float("x", low, high)
y = trial.suggest_float("y", low, high)
return ackley(x, y)
sampler = optuna.samplers.RandomSampler(seed=10)
# Widest search space.
study0 = optuna.create_study(study_name="x=[0,5), y=[0,5)", sampler=sampler)
study0.optimize(lambda t: objective(t, 0, 5), n_trials=500)
# Narrower search space.
study1 = optuna.create_study(study_name="x=[0,4), y=[0,4)", sampler=sampler)
study1.optimize(lambda t: objective(t, 0, 4), n_trials=500)
# Narrowest search space but it doesn't include the global optimum point.
study2 = optuna.create_study(study_name="x=[1,3), y=[1,3)", sampler=sampler)
study2.optimize(lambda t: objective(t, 1, 3), n_trials=500)
fig = optuna.visualization.plot_edf([study0, study1, study2])
fig.show()
Args:
study:
A target :class:`~optuna.study.Study` object.
You can pass multiple studies if you want to compare those EDFs.
target:
A function to specify the value to display. If it is :obj:`None` and ``study`` is being
used for single-objective optimization, the objective values are plotted.
.. note::
Specify this argument if ``study`` is being used for multi-objective optimization.
target_name:
Target's name to display on the axis label.
Returns:
A :class:`plotly.graph_objs.Figure` object.
Raises:
:exc:`ValueError`:
If ``target`` is :obj:`None` and ``study`` is being used for multi-objective
optimization.
"""
_imports.check()
if isinstance(study, Study):
studies = [study]
else:
studies = list(study)
_check_plot_args(studies, target, target_name)
return _get_edf_plot(studies, target, target_name)
def _get_edf_plot(
studies: List[Study],
target: Optional[Callable[[FrozenTrial], float]] = None,
target_name: str = "Objective Value",
) -> "go.Figure":
layout = go.Layout(
title="Empirical Distribution Function Plot",
xaxis={"title": target_name},
yaxis={"title": "Cumulative Probability"},
)
if len(studies) == 0:
_logger.warning("There are no studies.")
return go.Figure(data=[], layout=layout)
all_trials = list(
itertools.chain.from_iterable(
(
trial
for trial in study.get_trials(deepcopy=False)
if trial.state == TrialState.COMPLETE
)
for study in studies
)
)
if len(all_trials) == 0:
_logger.warning("There are no complete trials.")
return go.Figure(data=[], layout=layout)
if target is None:
def _target(t: FrozenTrial) -> float:
return cast(float, t.value)
target = _target
min_x_value = min(target(trial) for trial in all_trials)
max_x_value = max(target(trial) for trial in all_trials)
x_values = np.linspace(min_x_value, max_x_value, 100)
traces = []
for study in studies:
values = np.asarray(
[
target(trial)
for trial in study.get_trials(deepcopy=False)
if trial.state == TrialState.COMPLETE
]
)
y_values = np.sum(values[:, np.newaxis] <= x_values, axis=0) / values.size
traces.append(go.Scatter(x=x_values, y=y_values, name=study.study_name, mode="lines"))
figure = go.Figure(data=traces, layout=layout)
figure.update_yaxes(range=[0, 1])
return figure