optuna.trial._trial 源代码

import copy
import datetime
from typing import Any
from typing import Dict
from typing import Optional
from typing import Sequence
from typing import Union
import warnings

import optuna
from optuna import distributions
from optuna import logging
from optuna import pruners
from optuna.distributions import BaseDistribution
from optuna.distributions import CategoricalChoiceType
from optuna.distributions import CategoricalDistribution
from optuna.distributions import DiscreteUniformDistribution
from optuna.distributions import IntLogUniformDistribution
from optuna.distributions import IntUniformDistribution
from optuna.distributions import LogUniformDistribution
from optuna.distributions import UniformDistribution
from optuna.trial._base import BaseTrial
from optuna.trial._state import TrialState


_logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)


[文档]class Trial(BaseTrial): """A trial is a process of evaluating an objective function. This object is passed to an objective function and provides interfaces to get parameter suggestion, manage the trial's state, and set/get user-defined attributes of the trial. Note that the direct use of this constructor is not recommended. This object is seamlessly instantiated and passed to the objective function behind the :func:`optuna.study.Study.optimize()` method; hence library users do not care about instantiation of this object. Args: study: A :class:`~optuna.study.Study` object. trial_id: A trial ID that is automatically generated. """ def __init__(self, study: "optuna.study.Study", trial_id: int) -> None: self.study = study self._trial_id = trial_id # TODO(Yanase): Remove _study_id attribute, and use study._study_id instead. self._study_id = self.study._study_id self.storage = self.study._storage self._init_relative_params() def _init_relative_params(self) -> None: trial = self.storage.get_trial(self._trial_id) study = pruners._filter_study(self.study, trial) self.relative_search_space = self.study.sampler.infer_relative_search_space(study, trial) self.relative_params = self.study.sampler.sample_relative( study, trial, self.relative_search_space )
[文档] def suggest_float( self, name: str, low: float, high: float, *, step: Optional[float] = None, log: bool = False, ) -> float: """Suggest a value for the floating point parameter. Note that this is a wrapper method for :func:`~optuna.trial.Trial.suggest_uniform`, :func:`~optuna.trial.Trial.suggest_loguniform` and :func:`~optuna.trial.Trial.suggest_discrete_uniform`. .. versionadded:: 1.3.0 .. seealso:: Please see also :func:`~optuna.trial.Trial.suggest_uniform`, :func:`~optuna.trial.Trial.suggest_loguniform` and :func:`~optuna.trial.Trial.suggest_discrete_uniform`. Example: Suggest a momentum, learning rate and scaling factor of learning rate for neural network training. .. testcode:: import numpy as np from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split from sklearn.neural_network import MLPClassifier import optuna X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True) X_train, X_valid, y_train, y_valid = train_test_split(X, y, random_state=0) def objective(trial): momentum = trial.suggest_float("momentum", 0.0, 1.0) learning_rate_init = trial.suggest_float( "learning_rate_init", 1e-5, 1e-3, log=True ) power_t = trial.suggest_float("power_t", 0.2, 0.8, step=0.1) clf = MLPClassifier( hidden_layer_sizes=(100, 50), momentum=momentum, learning_rate_init=learning_rate_init, solver="sgd", random_state=0, power_t=power_t, ) clf.fit(X_train, y_train) return clf.score(X_valid, y_valid) study = optuna.create_study(direction="maximize") study.optimize(objective, n_trials=3) Args: name: A parameter name. low: Lower endpoint of the range of suggested values. ``low`` is included in the range. high: Upper endpoint of the range of suggested values. ``high`` is excluded from the range. .. note:: If ``step`` is specified, ``high`` is included as well as ``low`` because this method falls back to :func:`~optuna.trial.Trial.suggest_discrete_uniform`. step: A step of discretization. .. note:: The ``step`` and ``log`` arguments cannot be used at the same time. To set the ``step`` argument to a float number, set the ``log`` argument to ``False``. log: A flag to sample the value from the log domain or not. If ``log`` is true, the value is sampled from the range in the log domain. Otherwise, the value is sampled from the range in the linear domain. See also :func:`suggest_uniform` and :func:`suggest_loguniform`. .. note:: The ``step`` and ``log`` arguments cannot be used at the same time. To set the ``log`` argument to ``True``, set the ``step`` argument to ``None``. Raises: :exc:`ValueError`: If ``step is not None`` and ``log = True`` are specified. Returns: A suggested float value. """ if step is not None: if log: raise ValueError("The parameter `step` is not supported when `log` is True.") else: return self.suggest_discrete_uniform(name, low, high, step) else: if log: return self.suggest_loguniform(name, low, high) else: return self.suggest_uniform(name, low, high)
[文档] def suggest_uniform(self, name: str, low: float, high: float) -> float: """Suggest a value for the continuous parameter. The value is sampled from the range :math:`[\\mathsf{low}, \\mathsf{high})` in the linear domain. When :math:`\\mathsf{low} = \\mathsf{high}`, the value of :math:`\\mathsf{low}` will be returned. Example: Suggest a momentum for neural network training. .. testcode:: import numpy as np from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split from sklearn.neural_network import MLPClassifier import optuna X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True) X_train, X_valid, y_train, y_valid = train_test_split(X, y) def objective(trial): momentum = trial.suggest_uniform("momentum", 0.0, 1.0) clf = MLPClassifier( hidden_layer_sizes=(100, 50), momentum=momentum, solver="sgd", random_state=0, ) clf.fit(X_train, y_train) return clf.score(X_valid, y_valid) study = optuna.create_study(direction="maximize") study.optimize(objective, n_trials=3) Args: name: A parameter name. low: Lower endpoint of the range of suggested values. ``low`` is included in the range. high: Upper endpoint of the range of suggested values. ``high`` is excluded from the range. Returns: A suggested float value. """ distribution = UniformDistribution(low=low, high=high) self._check_distribution(name, distribution) return self._suggest(name, distribution)
[文档] def suggest_loguniform(self, name: str, low: float, high: float) -> float: """Suggest a value for the continuous parameter. The value is sampled from the range :math:`[\\mathsf{low}, \\mathsf{high})` in the log domain. When :math:`\\mathsf{low} = \\mathsf{high}`, the value of :math:`\\mathsf{low}` will be returned. Example: Suggest penalty parameter ``C`` of `SVC <https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/ generated/sklearn.svm.SVC.html>`_. .. testcode:: import numpy as np from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split from sklearn.svm import SVC import optuna X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True) X_train, X_valid, y_train, y_valid = train_test_split(X, y) def objective(trial): c = trial.suggest_loguniform("c", 1e-5, 1e2) clf = SVC(C=c, gamma="scale", random_state=0) clf.fit(X_train, y_train) return clf.score(X_valid, y_valid) study = optuna.create_study(direction="maximize") study.optimize(objective, n_trials=3) Args: name: A parameter name. low: Lower endpoint of the range of suggested values. ``low`` is included in the range. high: Upper endpoint of the range of suggested values. ``high`` is excluded from the range. Returns: A suggested float value. """ distribution = LogUniformDistribution(low=low, high=high) self._check_distribution(name, distribution) return self._suggest(name, distribution)
[文档] def suggest_discrete_uniform(self, name: str, low: float, high: float, q: float) -> float: """Suggest a value for the discrete parameter. The value is sampled from the range :math:`[\\mathsf{low}, \\mathsf{high}]`, and the step of discretization is :math:`q`. More specifically, this method returns one of the values in the sequence :math:`\\mathsf{low}, \\mathsf{low} + q, \\mathsf{low} + 2 q, \\dots, \\mathsf{low} + k q \\le \\mathsf{high}`, where :math:`k` denotes an integer. Note that :math:`high` may be changed due to round-off errors if :math:`q` is not an integer. Please check warning messages to find the changed values. Example: Suggest a fraction of samples used for fitting the individual learners of `GradientBoostingClassifier <https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/ sklearn.ensemble.GradientBoostingClassifier.html>`_. .. testcode:: import numpy as np from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split import optuna X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True) X_train, X_valid, y_train, y_valid = train_test_split(X, y) def objective(trial): subsample = trial.suggest_discrete_uniform("subsample", 0.1, 1.0, 0.1) clf = GradientBoostingClassifier(subsample=subsample, random_state=0) clf.fit(X_train, y_train) return clf.score(X_valid, y_valid) study = optuna.create_study(direction="maximize") study.optimize(objective, n_trials=3) Args: name: A parameter name. low: Lower endpoint of the range of suggested values. ``low`` is included in the range. high: Upper endpoint of the range of suggested values. ``high`` is included in the range. q: A step of discretization. Returns: A suggested float value. """ distribution = DiscreteUniformDistribution(low=low, high=high, q=q) self._check_distribution(name, distribution) return self._suggest(name, distribution)
[文档] def suggest_int(self, name: str, low: int, high: int, step: int = 1, log: bool = False) -> int: """Suggest a value for the integer parameter. The value is sampled from the integers in :math:`[\\mathsf{low}, \\mathsf{high}]`. Example: Suggest the number of trees in `RandomForestClassifier <https://scikit-learn.org/ stable/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.RandomForestClassifier.html>`_. .. testcode:: import numpy as np from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split import optuna X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True) X_train, X_valid, y_train, y_valid = train_test_split(X, y) def objective(trial): n_estimators = trial.suggest_int("n_estimators", 50, 400) clf = RandomForestClassifier(n_estimators=n_estimators, random_state=0) clf.fit(X_train, y_train) return clf.score(X_valid, y_valid) study = optuna.create_study(direction="maximize") study.optimize(objective, n_trials=3) Args: name: A parameter name. low: Lower endpoint of the range of suggested values. ``low`` is included in the range. high: Upper endpoint of the range of suggested values. ``high`` is included in the range. step: A step of discretization. .. note:: Note that :math:`\\mathsf{high}` is modified if the range is not divisible by :math:`\\mathsf{step}`. Please check the warning messages to find the changed values. .. note:: The method returns one of the values in the sequence :math:`\\mathsf{low}, \\mathsf{low} + \\mathsf{step}, \\mathsf{low} + 2 * \\mathsf{step}, \\dots, \\mathsf{low} + k * \\mathsf{step} \\le \\mathsf{high}`, where :math:`k` denotes an integer. .. note:: The ``step != 1`` and ``log`` arguments cannot be used at the same time. To set the ``step`` argument :math:`\\mathsf{step} \\ge 2`, set the ``log`` argument to ``False``. log: A flag to sample the value from the log domain or not. .. note:: If ``log`` is true, at first, the range of suggested values is divided into grid points of width 1. The range of suggested values is then converted to a log domain, from which a value is sampled. The uniformly sampled value is re-converted to the original domain and rounded to the nearest grid point that we just split, and the suggested value is determined. For example, if `low = 2` and `high = 8`, then the range of suggested values is `[2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]` and lower values tend to be more sampled than higher values. .. note:: The ``step != 1`` and ``log`` arguments cannot be used at the same time. To set the ``log`` argument to ``True``, set the ``step`` argument to 1. Raises: :exc:`ValueError`: If ``step != 1`` and ``log = True`` are specified. """ if step != 1: if log: raise ValueError( "The parameter `step != 1` is not supported when `log` is True." "The specified `step` is {}.".format(step) ) else: distribution: Union[ IntUniformDistribution, IntLogUniformDistribution ] = IntUniformDistribution(low=low, high=high, step=step) else: if log: distribution = IntLogUniformDistribution(low=low, high=high) else: distribution = IntUniformDistribution(low=low, high=high, step=step) self._check_distribution(name, distribution) return int(self._suggest(name, distribution))
[文档] def suggest_categorical( self, name: str, choices: Sequence[CategoricalChoiceType] ) -> CategoricalChoiceType: """Suggest a value for the categorical parameter. The value is sampled from ``choices``. Example: Suggest a kernel function of `SVC <https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/ sklearn.svm.SVC.html>`_. .. testcode:: import numpy as np from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split from sklearn.svm import SVC import optuna X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True) X_train, X_valid, y_train, y_valid = train_test_split(X, y) def objective(trial): kernel = trial.suggest_categorical("kernel", ["linear", "poly", "rbf"]) clf = SVC(kernel=kernel, gamma="scale", random_state=0) clf.fit(X_train, y_train) return clf.score(X_valid, y_valid) study = optuna.create_study(direction="maximize") study.optimize(objective, n_trials=3) Args: name: A parameter name. choices: Parameter value candidates. .. seealso:: :class:`~optuna.distributions.CategoricalDistribution`. Returns: A suggested value. """ # There is no need to call self._check_distribution because # CategoricalDistribution does not support dynamic value space. return self._suggest(name, CategoricalDistribution(choices=choices))
[文档] def report(self, value: float, step: int) -> None: """Report an objective function value for a given step. The reported values are used by the pruners to determine whether this trial should be pruned. .. seealso:: Please refer to :class:`~optuna.pruners.BasePruner`. .. note:: The reported value is converted to ``float`` type by applying ``float()`` function internally. Thus, it accepts all float-like types (e.g., ``numpy.float32``). If the conversion fails, a ``TypeError`` is raised. Example: Report intermediate scores of `SGDClassifier <https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/ generated/sklearn.linear_model.SGDClassifier.html>`_ training. .. testcode:: import numpy as np from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.linear_model import SGDClassifier from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split import optuna X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True) X_train, X_valid, y_train, y_valid = train_test_split(X, y) def objective(trial): clf = SGDClassifier(random_state=0) for step in range(100): clf.partial_fit(X_train, y_train, np.unique(y)) intermediate_value = clf.score(X_valid, y_valid) trial.report(intermediate_value, step=step) if trial.should_prune(): raise optuna.TrialPruned() return clf.score(X_valid, y_valid) study = optuna.create_study(direction="maximize") study.optimize(objective, n_trials=3) Args: value: A value returned from the objective function. step: Step of the trial (e.g., Epoch of neural network training). Note that pruners assume that ``step`` starts at zero. For example, :class:`~optuna.pruners.MedianPruner` simply checks if ``step`` is less than ``n_warmup_steps`` as the warmup mechanism. Raises: :exc:`NotImplementedError`: If trial is being used for multi-objective optimization. """ if len(self.study.directions) > 1: raise NotImplementedError( "Trial.report is not supported for multi-objective optimization." ) try: # For convenience, we allow users to report a value that can be cast to `float`. value = float(value) except (TypeError, ValueError): message = "The `value` argument is of type '{}' but supposed to be a float.".format( type(value).__name__ ) raise TypeError(message) from None if step < 0: raise ValueError("The `step` argument is {} but cannot be negative.".format(step)) intermediate_values = self.storage.get_trial(self._trial_id).intermediate_values if step in intermediate_values: # Do nothing if already reported. # TODO(hvy): Consider raising a warning or an error. # See https://github.com/optuna/optuna/issues/852. return self.storage.set_trial_intermediate_value(self._trial_id, step, value)
[文档] def should_prune(self) -> bool: """Suggest whether the trial should be pruned or not. The suggestion is made by a pruning algorithm associated with the trial and is based on previously reported values. The algorithm can be specified when constructing a :class:`~optuna.study.Study`. .. note:: If no values have been reported, the algorithm cannot make meaningful suggestions. Similarly, if this method is called multiple times with the exact same set of reported values, the suggestions will be the same. .. seealso:: Please refer to the example code in :func:`optuna.trial.Trial.report`. Returns: A boolean value. If :obj:`True`, the trial should be pruned according to the configured pruning algorithm. Otherwise, the trial should continue. Raises: :exc:`NotImplementedError`: If trial is being used for multi-objective optimization. """ if len(self.study.directions) > 1: raise NotImplementedError( "Trial.should_prune is not supported for multi-objective optimization." ) trial = self.study._storage.get_trial(self._trial_id) return self.study.pruner.prune(self.study, trial)
[文档] def set_user_attr(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None: """Set user attributes to the trial. The user attributes in the trial can be access via :func:`optuna.trial.Trial.user_attrs`. Example: Save fixed hyperparameters of neural network training. .. testcode:: import numpy as np from sklearn.datasets import load_iris from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split from sklearn.neural_network import MLPClassifier import optuna X, y = load_iris(return_X_y=True) X_train, X_valid, y_train, y_valid = train_test_split(X, y, random_state=0) def objective(trial): trial.set_user_attr("BATCHSIZE", 128) momentum = trial.suggest_uniform("momentum", 0, 1.0) clf = MLPClassifier( hidden_layer_sizes=(100, 50), batch_size=trial.user_attrs["BATCHSIZE"], momentum=momentum, solver="sgd", random_state=0, ) clf.fit(X_train, y_train) return clf.score(X_valid, y_valid) study = optuna.create_study(direction="maximize") study.optimize(objective, n_trials=3) assert "BATCHSIZE" in study.best_trial.user_attrs.keys() assert study.best_trial.user_attrs["BATCHSIZE"] == 128 Args: key: A key string of the attribute. value: A value of the attribute. The value should be JSON serializable. """ self.storage.set_trial_user_attr(self._trial_id, key, value)
[文档] def set_system_attr(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None: """Set system attributes to the trial. Note that Optuna internally uses this method to save system messages such as failure reason of trials. Please use :func:`~optuna.trial.Trial.set_user_attr` to set users' attributes. Args: key: A key string of the attribute. value: A value of the attribute. The value should be JSON serializable. """ self.storage.set_trial_system_attr(self._trial_id, key, value)
def _suggest(self, name: str, distribution: BaseDistribution) -> Any: storage = self.storage trial_id = self._trial_id trial = storage.get_trial(trial_id) if name in trial.distributions: # No need to sample if already suggested. distributions.check_distribution_compatibility(trial.distributions[name], distribution) param_value = distribution.to_external_repr(storage.get_trial_param(trial_id, name)) else: if self._is_fixed_param(name, distribution): param_value = storage.get_trial_system_attrs(trial_id)["fixed_params"][name] elif distribution.single(): param_value = distributions._get_single_value(distribution) elif self._is_relative_param(name, distribution): param_value = self.relative_params[name] else: study = pruners._filter_study(self.study, trial) param_value = self.study.sampler.sample_independent( study, trial, name, distribution ) param_value_in_internal_repr = distribution.to_internal_repr(param_value) storage.set_trial_param(trial_id, name, param_value_in_internal_repr, distribution) return param_value def _is_fixed_param(self, name: str, distribution: BaseDistribution) -> bool: system_attrs = self.storage.get_trial_system_attrs(self._trial_id) if "fixed_params" not in system_attrs: return False if name not in system_attrs["fixed_params"]: return False param_value = system_attrs["fixed_params"][name] param_value_in_internal_repr = distribution.to_internal_repr(param_value) contained = distribution._contains(param_value_in_internal_repr) if not contained: warnings.warn( "Fixed parameter '{}' with value {} is out of range " "for distribution {}.".format(name, param_value, distribution) ) return contained def _is_relative_param(self, name: str, distribution: BaseDistribution) -> bool: if name not in self.relative_params: return False if name not in self.relative_search_space: raise ValueError( "The parameter '{}' was sampled by `sample_relative` method " "but it is not contained in the relative search space.".format(name) ) relative_distribution = self.relative_search_space[name] distributions.check_distribution_compatibility(relative_distribution, distribution) param_value = self.relative_params[name] param_value_in_internal_repr = distribution.to_internal_repr(param_value) return distribution._contains(param_value_in_internal_repr) def _check_distribution(self, name: str, distribution: BaseDistribution) -> None: old_distribution = self.storage.get_trial(self._trial_id).distributions.get( name, distribution ) if old_distribution != distribution: warnings.warn( 'Inconsistent parameter values for distribution with name "{}"! ' "This might be a configuration mistake. " "Optuna allows to call the same distribution with the same " "name more then once in a trial. " "When the parameter values are inconsistent optuna only " "uses the values of the first call and ignores all following. " "Using these values: {}".format(name, old_distribution._asdict()), RuntimeWarning, ) def _after_func(self, state: TrialState, values: Optional[Sequence[float]]) -> None: # This method is called right before `Study._tell`. storage = self.storage trial_id = self._trial_id trial = storage.get_trial(trial_id) study = pruners._filter_study(self.study, trial) self.study.sampler.after_trial(study, trial, state, values) @property def params(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Return parameters to be optimized. Returns: A dictionary containing all parameters. """ return copy.deepcopy(self.storage.get_trial_params(self._trial_id)) @property def distributions(self) -> Dict[str, BaseDistribution]: """Return distributions of parameters to be optimized. Returns: A dictionary containing all distributions. """ return copy.deepcopy(self.storage.get_trial(self._trial_id).distributions) @property def user_attrs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Return user attributes. Returns: A dictionary containing all user attributes. """ return copy.deepcopy(self.storage.get_trial_user_attrs(self._trial_id)) @property def system_attrs(self) -> Dict[str, Any]: """Return system attributes. Returns: A dictionary containing all system attributes. """ return copy.deepcopy(self.storage.get_trial_system_attrs(self._trial_id)) @property def datetime_start(self) -> Optional[datetime.datetime]: """Return start datetime. Returns: Datetime where the :class:`~optuna.trial.Trial` started. """ return self.storage.get_trial(self._trial_id).datetime_start @property def number(self) -> int: """Return trial's number which is consecutive and unique in a study. Returns: A trial number. """ return self.storage.get_trial_number_from_id(self._trial_id)