optuna.integration.SkoptSampler

class optuna.integration.SkoptSampler(independent_sampler=None, warn_independent_sampling=True, skopt_kwargs=None, n_startup_trials=1, *, consider_pruned_trials=False, seed=None)[source]

Sampler using Scikit-Optimize as the backend.

Example

Optimize a simple quadratic function by using SkoptSampler.

import optuna


def objective(trial):
    x = trial.suggest_float("x", -10, 10)
    y = trial.suggest_int("y", 0, 10)
    return x**2 + y


sampler = optuna.integration.SkoptSampler()
study = optuna.create_study(sampler=sampler)
study.optimize(objective, n_trials=10)
Parameters
  • independent_sampler (Optional[BaseSampler]) –

    A BaseSampler instance that is used for independent sampling. The parameters not contained in the relative search space are sampled by this sampler. The search space for SkoptSampler is determined by intersection_search_space().

    If None is specified, RandomSampler is used as the default.

    See also

    optuna.samplers module provides built-in independent samplers such as RandomSampler and TPESampler.

  • warn_independent_sampling (bool) –

    If this is True, a warning message is emitted when the value of a parameter is sampled by using an independent sampler.

    Note that the parameters of the first trial in a study are always sampled via an independent sampler, so no warning messages are emitted in this case.

  • skopt_kwargs (Optional[Dict[str, Any]]) –

    Keyword arguments passed to the constructor of skopt.Optimizer class.

    Note that dimensions argument in skopt_kwargs will be ignored because it is added by SkoptSampler automatically.

  • n_startup_trials (int) – The independent sampling is used until the given number of trials finish in the same study.

  • consider_pruned_trials (bool) –

    If this is True, the PRUNED trials are considered for sampling.

    Note

    Added in v2.0.0 as an experimental feature. The interface may change in newer versions without prior notice. See https://github.com/optuna/optuna/releases/tag/v2.0.0.

    Note

    As the number of trials \(n\) increases, each sampling takes longer and longer on a scale of \(O(n^3)\). And, if this is True, the number of trials will increase. So, it is suggested to set this flag False when each evaluation of the objective function is relatively faster than each sampling. On the other hand, it is suggested to set this flag True when each evaluation of the objective function is relatively slower than each sampling.

  • seed (Optional[int]) – Seed for random number generator.

Methods

after_trial(study, trial, state, values)

Trial post-processing.

infer_relative_search_space(study, trial)

Infer the search space that will be used by relative sampling in the target trial.

reseed_rng()

Reseed sampler's random number generator.

sample_independent(study, trial, param_name, ...)

Sample a parameter for a given distribution.

sample_relative(study, trial, search_space)

Sample parameters in a given search space.

after_trial(study, trial, state, values)[source]

Trial post-processing.

This method is called after the objective function returns and right before the trials is finished and its state is stored.

Note

Added in v2.4.0 as an experimental feature. The interface may change in newer versions without prior notice. See https://github.com/optuna/optuna/releases/tag/v2.4.0.

Parameters
  • study (Study) – Target study object.

  • trial (FrozenTrial) – Target trial object. Take a copy before modifying this object.

  • state (TrialState) – Resulting trial state.

  • values (Optional[Sequence[float]]) – Resulting trial values. Guaranteed to not be None if trial succeeded.

Return type

None

infer_relative_search_space(study, trial)[source]

Infer the search space that will be used by relative sampling in the target trial.

This method is called right before sample_relative() method, and the search space returned by this method is passed to it. The parameters not contained in the search space will be sampled by using sample_independent() method.

Parameters
  • study (Study) – Target study object.

  • trial (FrozenTrial) – Target trial object. Take a copy before modifying this object.

Returns

A dictionary containing the parameter names and parameter’s distributions.

Return type

Dict[str, BaseDistribution]

See also

Please refer to intersection_search_space() as an implementation of infer_relative_search_space().

reseed_rng()[source]

Reseed sampler’s random number generator.

This method is called by the Study instance if trials are executed in parallel with the option n_jobs>1. In that case, the sampler instance will be replicated including the state of the random number generator, and they may suggest the same values. To prevent this issue, this method assigns a different seed to each random number generator.

Return type

None

sample_independent(study, trial, param_name, param_distribution)[source]

Sample a parameter for a given distribution.

This method is called only for the parameters not contained in the search space returned by sample_relative() method. This method is suitable for sampling algorithms that do not use relationship between parameters such as random sampling and TPE.

Note

The failed trials are ignored by any build-in samplers when they sample new parameters. Thus, failed trials are regarded as deleted in the samplers’ perspective.

Parameters
  • study (Study) – Target study object.

  • trial (FrozenTrial) – Target trial object. Take a copy before modifying this object.

  • param_name (str) – Name of the sampled parameter.

  • param_distribution (BaseDistribution) – Distribution object that specifies a prior and/or scale of the sampling algorithm.

Returns

A parameter value.

Return type

Any

sample_relative(study, trial, search_space)[source]

Sample parameters in a given search space.

This method is called once at the beginning of each trial, i.e., right before the evaluation of the objective function. This method is suitable for sampling algorithms that use relationship between parameters such as Gaussian Process and CMA-ES.

Note

The failed trials are ignored by any build-in samplers when they sample new parameters. Thus, failed trials are regarded as deleted in the samplers’ perspective.

Parameters
Returns

A dictionary containing the parameter names and the values.

Return type

Dict[str, Any]