import itertools
from typing import List
from typing import Sequence
from typing import Union
import numpy as np
from optuna.logging import get_logger
from optuna.study import Study
from optuna.trial import TrialState
from optuna.visualization._plotly_imports import _imports
if _imports.is_successful():
from optuna.visualization._plotly_imports import go
_logger = get_logger(__name__)
[docs]def plot_edf(study: Union[Study, Sequence[Study]]) -> "go.Figure":
"""Plot the objective value EDF (empirical distribution function) of a study.
Note that only the complete trials are considered when plotting the EDF.
.. note::
EDF is useful to analyze and improve search spaces.
For instance, you can see a practical use case of EDF in the paper
`Designing Network Design Spaces <https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.13678>`_.
.. note::
The plotted EDF assumes that the value of the objective function is in
accordance with the uniform distribution over the objective space.
Example:
The following code snippet shows how to plot EDF.
.. testcode::
import math
import optuna
def ackley(x, y):
a = 20 * math.exp(-0.2 * math.sqrt(0.5 * (x ** 2 + y ** 2)))
b = math.exp(0.5 * (math.cos(2 * math.pi * x) + math.cos(2 * math.pi * y)))
return -a - b + math.e + 20
def objective(trial, low, high):
x = trial.suggest_float("x", low, high)
y = trial.suggest_float("y", low, high)
return ackley(x, y)
sampler = optuna.samplers.RandomSampler()
# Widest search space.
study0 = optuna.create_study(study_name="x=[0,5), y=[0,5)", sampler=sampler)
study0.optimize(lambda t: objective(t, 0, 5), n_trials=500)
# Narrower search space.
study1 = optuna.create_study(study_name="x=[0,4), y=[0,4)", sampler=sampler)
study1.optimize(lambda t: objective(t, 0, 4), n_trials=500)
# Narrowest search space but it doesn't include the global optimum point.
study2 = optuna.create_study(study_name="x=[1,3), y=[1,3)", sampler=sampler)
study2.optimize(lambda t: objective(t, 1, 3), n_trials=500)
optuna.visualization.plot_edf([study0, study1, study2])
.. raw:: html
<iframe src="../../_static/plot_edf.html"
width="100%" height="500px" frameborder="0">
</iframe>
Args:
study:
A target :class:`~optuna.study.Study` object.
You can pass multiple studies if you want to compare those EDFs.
Returns:
A :class:`plotly.graph_objs.Figure` object.
"""
_imports.check()
if isinstance(study, Study):
studies = [study]
else:
studies = list(study)
return _get_edf_plot(studies)
def _get_edf_plot(studies: List[Study]) -> "go.Figure":
layout = go.Layout(
title="Empirical Distribution Function Plot",
xaxis={"title": "Objective Value"},
yaxis={"title": "Cumulative Probability"},
)
if len(studies) == 0:
_logger.warning("There are no studies.")
return go.Figure(data=[], layout=layout)
all_trials = list(
itertools.chain.from_iterable(
(
trial
for trial in study.get_trials(deepcopy=False)
if trial.state == TrialState.COMPLETE
)
for study in studies
)
)
if len(all_trials) == 0:
_logger.warning("There are no complete trials.")
return go.Figure(data=[], layout=layout)
min_x_value = min(trial.value for trial in all_trials)
max_x_value = max(trial.value for trial in all_trials)
x_values = np.linspace(min_x_value, max_x_value, 100)
traces = []
for study in studies:
values = np.asarray(
[
trial.value
for trial in study.get_trials(deepcopy=False)
if trial.state == TrialState.COMPLETE
]
)
y_values = np.sum(values[:, np.newaxis] <= x_values, axis=0) / values.size
traces.append(go.Scatter(x=x_values, y=y_values, name=study.study_name, mode="lines"))
figure = go.Figure(data=traces, layout=layout)
figure.update_yaxes(range=[0, 1])
return figure